Algeria Politics and Government free essay sample

A look at the political and governmental issues in Algeria. This paper discusses the political situation and governmental structure of Algeria, a country that was a French colony before 1962. The country is still struggling to develop a stable form of government and has encountered numerous crises in the past few years. The author discusses some of these difficulties. Algeria gained independence from France in 1962 after seven years of war and since then has witnessed many conflicts and crisis. It is socialist republic and Islam is the state religion. The country was in a state of transition when in the early half of 1990s; Algeria encountered the first major fundamentalist backlash, which was instigated by Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), now the major political force in the country though the only legal party is National Liberation Front (FLN).

Joan of Arc by Jules Bastien Le Page essays

Joan of Arc by Jules Bastien Le Page essays Joan of Arc, was painted by the French realist artist Jules Bastien-Lepage in 1879. After the province of Lorraine was lost to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War in 1821, The Frenchmen saw in Joan of Arc a new and powerful symbol. In 1875, Bastien-Lepage, a native of Lorraine began to make studies for a picture of her. In the present painting, exhibited in the Salon of 1880, Joan is shown receiving her revelation in her parents garden. Behind her are Saints Michael, Margaret, and Catherine. (Caption next to painting in The Metropolitan) Jules Bastien-Lepage creates a realistic atmosphere, including a supernatural, religious-like presence within his painting. Oil on canvas was used to create the realistic quality of the work. By closely examining the artists technique, it is clear that he uses delicate brush strokes in a true to life manner. The colors, and use of light seem to be painted in a layered fashion to give the landscape a sense of depth. The background of the painting is a garden which include foliage and brush that surrounds the primary focus of the painting, Joan of Arc. The artist put a great effort into the details of the scene. Bastien-Lepage uses a distinct realistic quality in his painting which is visible in each individual leaf and branch. Various hues of earth tones, green and brown being the most evident, are blended together in the garden scene. In the foreground of the painting is Joan of Arc. She is painted with a seemingly thicker paint technique. This makes her a more easily visible aspect in the painting, and catches the onlookers eye. Joan is dressed in a long brown skirt and blue-gray shirt with white underneath which is the typical clothing style of the 19th century. The clothing is painted to show its wear and tear. Her features and her figure are quite realistic. She seems to have a calm, but troubled expression on her face, as though she i...

Putting Physical Activity Where It Fits in the School Day Essay

Putting Physical Activity Where It Fits in the School Day - Essay Example The intervention that was applied was the ABC (Activity Bursts in the Classroom) for Fitness, which was reported to incorporate brief bursts of activity in the classroom setting throughout the day at the discretion of the teacher. The results indicated that the proposed intervention, the ABC for Fitness Program, was effective in improving academic performance, physical fitness, reduce medication use, and even preserve teaching time. As disclosed, there were limitations in terms of the population not being an effective representative of the cross-section of the children; the use of a relatively small sample size; and virtually limited intervention and follow-up periods. Overall, the study provided relevant insights on the feasibility of classroom-based fitness program without impairment of academic instruction. The reporter found the study beneficial and useful to various academicians and health practitioners in terms of promoting health through the identified ABC for Fitness Program. Its applicability is relatively easy and would not hamper any existing instructional methods or the need to use special resources. As disclosed, the 30 minutes recommended daily physical activity could significantly improve identified crucial variables such as academic performance, physical fitness, and even the use of medications for ADHD and asthma. This study proves that through innovative techniques and with the assistance of dedicated and committed educators, the goals for health promotion programs (HPPP) could be achieved.  

Answer the 4 questions from the provided uploaded information and the Research Paper

Answer the 4 questions from the provided uploaded information and the provided book - Research Paper Example Likewise, it was asserted by Powell (2008) that â€Å"the death of Jesus Christ is an integral aspect of salvation† (p. 3232) because at the moment of death, it was noted that God forgave the sins of many and became the liberation of the souls from the bondage of sin; thus, opening the gates of heaven to eternal life and to salvation. In addition, it was also contended that â€Å"salvation includes new life in Christ, comprising regeneration (or rebirth) and eternal life. We have this new life as we participate in Jesus’ resurrection† (Powell, 2008, p. 3599). 2. In 150-300 words, compare the theological positions of James Arminius and John Calvin. (10%) James Arminius alleged that man should not be held accountable for the sin of Adam; but only accountable when man transgressed against God’s laws voluntarily. ... As such, children of Christian disciples should be baptized while infants to be participants in the noted new covenant (Powell, 2008, p. 4764). Likewise, his teachings include: (1) total depravity concept where man was believed to be incapable of saving oneself; (2) that God chooses those who go to heaven or hell and man can do nothing to change this; (3) that Jesus allegedly died on the cross not to save mankind; but only those who were elected to go to heaven; (4) that man cannot resist God if and when he chooses to draw man towards Him; and finally, (5) salvation is believe to be left entirely to God. 3. In your own words, write a one to two sentence definition of the following terms or phrases: (5%) Canon of Scripture, as defined, means rule of a collection of writings of the Church which were considered of great value (Powell, 2008, p. 4514). Image of God was allegedly described in the Bible where man was created after the likeness of God, in terms of resemblance to some form of goodness, which is solely attributable to Him. Kenosis is a term which actually meant ‘emptying† which was analogous to Jesus, as the Son of God, who apparently emptied his divinity and assumed the role of a slave (Powell, 2008, p. 5270). Omniscience was noted to be the term which signifies the universality of God’s wisdom, which far exceeds the understanding and grasp of human nature and intellectual faculties of man. Original sin is reported to be a doctrine which presupposed that people are born in a sinful world; and therefore, it is acknowledgement that even before the ability to reason and have the capacity for spirituality, people are born to participate in the natural and universal sinfulness of the world. Orthodoxy was acknowledged to come from the word orthodox, a

Article Critique and Comparison Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique and Comparison - Article Example searchers often opt to use either quantitative or qualitative methods of research as a prelude to a more structured or comprehensive form of study in the future. In an article written by Mohamed, Conley & Yoo (1999) entitled â€Å"Perceptions of Child Care Centre Owners in Chicago: Implications for Public Policy† published in the International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, the authors delved into a quantitative method of research with the objectives of (1) estimating the supply and demand for day care centers (DCCs) in Chicago; and (2) identifying plans and perceptions of DCC owners in the city, specifically in areas of expansion and environmental barriers. The objective of this essay is to determine the kind of research method used and to proffer a critical analysis in terms of its appropriateness and applicability for the study. It aims to identify the kind of data collection used, method of gathering, and how results were used to draw aptly conclusions. The authors used the quantitative method of research which is more of a descriptive and nonproving compared to a qualitative approach. Data for quantitative approach are generally â€Å"checklists (check off behavior that is assigned a number)† (Observational Research, n.d., 21). This type of research method has large sample sizes, fewer special skills required to administer, utilizes questionnaires, among others. The article specifically explained the method used for the research, to wit: two sets of samples were obtained through random. The first set was formed to estimate the demand for DCCs in Chicago and samples were chosen from the Chicago White Pages telephone directory. There were 250 eligible responses validated through phone interviews given a set of standards for eligibility (respondent must have at least one child aged 13 or under). The second set was needed to solicit capacity utilization, expansion plans, and perception of owners of DCCs in Chicago. A list of licensed DCC was initially

Contraception And The Catholic Church Religion Essay

Contraception And The Catholic Church Religion Essay Religions place in civilization has always been a tenuous battle between the liberties society is willing to afford it, and the divine right they claim. More recently religion has come to fill the void between human desire and morality in the wake of inherent greed. The Roman Catholic Church is, perhaps, one of the most driven and commanding religious institutions; its claims have always been those of religious enlightenment, a beacon of hope morally guiding society in a world of darkness and sin. On an idyllic level, Catholicism functions as intended; for its millions of followers the Church provides a sense of stability and spiritual guidance. Yet regardless of intent or belief, religion and Catholicism are flawed; they are human concepts instituted and governed by man, inherently subject to human error and imperfection. Religion in general and particularly the Catholic Church have always claimed a monopoly on the definition of transgression and morality, fortifying its role in soc iety as a pillar of hope and faith for all people both good and evil. Yet history has demonstrated that these charges have been repeatedly abused and misinterpreted, catering to the powerful while often smothering subordinates cries of injustice. Perhaps one of the most staunch and unwavering views of the Catholic Church has been their stance on contraception; until the 1930s Catholicism stood side-by-side with Protestants in their dissenting view on the distribution and use of contraception. However with the advancement of modern medicine the use of contraception became an acceptable and essentially healthy practice for much of the world. While Protestants recognized the value of contraception and safe-sex, Catholicism still refuses to accept its necessary role in society. By the Catholic definition, transgression (otherwise known as sin) is defined as an offence against reason, truth, and right conscience; it is a failure in genuine love for God and neighbor caused by a perverse attachment to certain goods (Catholic Pages). Catholicism further splits sin into two categories: mortal sin and venial sin. Venial sin is a comparatively mild form of transgression when compared to mortal sin, as its consequence is not eternal damnation; it is essentially any sin that is committed without the full knowledge or intent of the parties involved and is not grave in nature (ONeil). For a transgressive act to be considered a mortal sin, it must fulfill three requirements: the matter must be grave, the sin must be committed with full knowledge, and the sin must be committed deliberately (Catholic Pages). Murder, theft, adultery, premarital sex, bearing false witness, and the use of contraception are all considered mortal sins in the eyes of the Catholic Church and ar e divinely punishable by eternal damnation (Catholic Pages). While there are several acts that unarguably belong in this category, it would seem that several are out of place, the most blatant being contraception. It is important to note that the Catholic definition of sin is neither more nor less legitimate than that of any other denomination; it is merely a byproduct of biblical interpretation and human policy. Many argue that one of Catholicisms greatest weapons has been its definition of sin, which has repeatedly been wielded to assert Church authority in matters ranging from warfare and foreign relations to simple public policy disagreements. Contraception, which by biblical reference is alternatively referred to as Onanism (referring to Onans sin of withdrawal in refusing to impregnate his dead brothers wife, a sin by Jewish faith) has been manipulated similarly to homosexuality (Brohm, Birth Control). The term Sodomy (like Onanism) was also coined by the Catholic Church, as i t referred to the men of Sodom and the homosexual acts they committed (Brohm, Birth Control). When an institution holds the power to define what is right, they hold a monopoly on justice and while it may be righteously wielded for a period, basic human nature makes its abuse inherent. Focusing specifically on the mortal sin of contraception, a practice that has come to be more than a means for inconsequential pleasure, especially in a world of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, the need for its proper distribution and use is more necessary than ever before (particularly in preventing the spread of infectious and potentially deadly diseases). The Church has always maintained a firm stance on contraception, lauding it as a violation of natural law (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). This opinion can be traced back to passages in Genesis: But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so whenever he lay with his brothers wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother.  What he did was wicked in the Lords sight; so he put him to death also (Genesis 38:9-10). However this biblical reference is disputable as Onans use of coitus interruptus (otherwise known as withdrawal) was aimed at preventing the p regnancy of his dead brothers wife, with whom he was charged to procreate according to Jewish tradition. It was not merely for the sake of avoiding pregnancy that Onan acted in such a way; he was simply trying to avoid creating children for whom he couldnt provide. This single passage forms the basis for the Catholic argument against contraception. The church also considers the practice of sterilization (just as that of contraception) sinful as the majority of biblical doctrine compiled against contraception does not specifically prohibit contraceptive measures, but rather condemns the practice of sterilization as a defilement of the human body. When examined in context, much of Catholicisms argument against contraception is substantiated by their doctrine and interpretation. Epiphanius of Salamis wrote, They [certain Egyptian heretics] exercise genital acts, yet prevent the conceiving of children. Not in order to produce offspring, but to satisfy lust, are they eager for corruption (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Epiphanius basis for claiming the Egyptians actions sinful seems to be more a statement against Egyptian culture and peoples (a civilization that was largely under Moslem rule and therefore in direct opposition to Catholicism), than a direct attack on the crime of contraception. It is more a method for the Church to gain control and power over a civilization than a moral statement like the Church often parades it as. This same format of condemnation occurs in the writings of St. Augustine; You [Manicheans] make your auditors adulterers of their wives when they take care lest the women with whom they copul ate conceive. They take wives according to the laws of matrimony by tablets announcing that the marriage is contracted to procreate children; and then, fearing because of your law [against childbearing]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. They copulate in a shameful union only to satisfy lust for their wives (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Again, the substantiation of Augustines argument is based not on the inherent sinfulness of contraception, but rather the transgressive actions of the Manicheans whose own law prevents them from bearing children in certain situations. Both Augustine and Epiphanius highlight an inherent irony that occurs repeatedly in Catholic doctrine; the Church adopts a position on an issue, not in the spirit of moral guidance and leadership, but rather as a means of vilifying and defiling societys view of a certain race or civilization (most typically one that was proclaimed heretic or had an outstanding argument with the Catholic Church such as the Manicheans or the Egy ptians). By using their power to interpret religious doctrine, the Church was often able to form their policy in a manner that vindicated their cause, while slandering the moral standards of their enemies and dissenters. In recent times the Catholic petition against contraception has focused on the defilement of marriage. The Churchs stance on the unacceptability of premarital sex has always remained firm; hence it is assumed that contraception is used only within the confines of marital relations. As is tradition, the current Pope Benedict XVI renewed the Catholic Churchs stance against the use of contraception (specifically birth control) in a 2008 Vatican statement calling the policy an important document which addresses one of the essential aspects of the marital vocation and of the specific path of holiness that follows from it (Ertelt). Essentially the current pontiff claims that the use of contraception is an attack on the natural expression of love displayed through the act of procreation. While Pope Benedict XVIs stance on contraception is more rationally defined than previous church policy, it still demonstrates a disconnect with modern society. Obviously the Church will never promote or en dorse multiple sex partners and it is unlikely that their stance on premarital sex will change in the near future, however their dissenting position on birth control and contraception suggests a lack of modern day colloquial knowledge. The rationale for the use of contraception is far beyond any ancient concepts of marital relations or natural order, the issue is one of public health and world population. Perhaps the most compelling rationale for contraceptive education and use is the current HIV/AIDS pandemic that is sweeping Africa and invading other parts of the world. As of 2007 it was estimated that approximately 33 million men, women, and children were afflicted by either HIV or AIDS (AVERT). Since 1981 the HIV/AIDS and the subsequent illnesses it causes has killed 25 million people (AVERT). While not all of these numbers can be derived directly from the absence of proper contraceptive measures, a fair majority of those afflicted acquire the disease through unprotected sexual interaction. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 5% of the adult population is afflicted (roughly translating to 22 million people), some myths suggest the only cure for HIV/AIDS is unprotected intercourse with a virgin child, only further reinforcing the need for contraceptive awareness and education (AVERT). The Catholic Church has always regarded itself as a shelter for the poor, homeless, and otherwi se less fortunate; however their medieval stance on contraception suggests that they are ignoring the reality of modern times. Catholicism contradicts its own doctrine when it preaches a message of caring for the sick, only to turn and condemn contraception, a practice that could potentially stem disease and poverty on a global scale. Even ignoring disease, the proper education and use of contraception still holds the power to improve the standard of living worldwide. There are between 143 million and 210 million orphans worldwide; the Catholic Church has always pledged to be an institution that provides hope and shelter for those in need (including the millions of orphans), yet every year hundreds of thousands of unwanted pregnancies result in children being forced onto the streets or into the foster system (Skyward Journey). Mother Teresa, 1979 Nobel Peace Prize Winner and one of the most gracious and influential women in the twentieth century, fervently opposed the use of contraception. This is in many ways ironic, as Mother Teresas mission centered on caring for the impoverished children of the world. Her humanitarian efforts to promote adoption are legendary, yet in 1988 Oxford conference she stated that she would never allow a child entrusted to her care to be adopted by a woman who had an abortion or used c ontraceptives. Such a woman cannot love, she said. (BBC News). Mother Teresas stance on adoption and contraception are inherently contradictory; contraception reduces unwanted pregnancies, consequently reducing the number of orphaned children (Mother Teresas mission). Yet to say that contraception is not only a sin, but also a disqualifying characteristic for an adopting mother is (plainly put) ridiculous. There can be no solid proof that a woman who chooses to take birth control is incapable of loving; such a statement is fundamentally absurd. Mother Teresas opinion regarding contraception identically mirrors that of the Catholic Church as a whole (she was commonly called upon by Pope John Paul II to be an ambassador of Church doctrine), and demonstrates a clear disconnect with the problems facing the modern world. The Church also blatantly ignores the medicinal uses of birth control in their anti-contraceptive convictions. Sex without the consequence of pregnancy is not the only use for the pill; women who suffer from irregular and uncommonly painful menstruation periods turn to birth control as a form of relief and regulation. The hormones within the pill act to correct imbalances within some womens biological cycle (an aspect of birth control which Catholicism wholly ignores). This not only makes menstruation more regular and predictable, but it often shortens the total length and decreases the severity of side effects like nausea and cramps. Even the use of birth control for medicinal purposes is generally condemned by the Church, as their doctrine makes no exception or distinction between the medicinal and contraceptive use of the pill (similar to their adamant opposition to abortion, even when it is medically necessary to save an expecting mothers life). Ultimately Catholicisms opinion on contraception has remained static seemingly more for the sake of stubbornness and continuity than actual policy and necessity. With membership, attendance, and giving at an all time low within the Catholic Church (and most sects of Christianity), it would seem that these are a direct response to the stale doctrines and policies that Catholicism clings to in the midst of a dynamic and rapidly developing world. In an age where technology progresses at an exponential pace, humans seem to be searching for spiritual guidance that is as dynamic as the world they live in; not simply a regurgitated list of constant reverence and piety that stands unforgiving and unwavering in the face of new opinions and ideals. The Church preaches messages of forgiveness and compassion, is it not compassionate to prevent the conception of an unwanted child, in a world where children are regularly abandoned and orphaned. Catholicism needs to realize the gravity of their pol icies, millions worldwide look to the Churchs doctrine for guidance and in terms of contraception millions are misled. The same as condemning homosexuality, Catholicisms position on contraception touts those who violate their doctrine as sinners to be looked down, a class below those who are saved by their faith. Anyone familiar with the Bible knows that its teachings (and particularly the teachings of Jesus Christ) center on acceptance and love; nowhere in the Ten Commandments is it specified thou shall not use contraception but rather love thy neighbor and do not covet they neighbors property are dictated. The basic principles of compassion and the appreciation are taught, not constraint and restriction. The Catholic opinion and fixation with the sins of society ultimately detract from the purpose and message of religion in general; its purpose is not to dictate and control the lives of its followers, but rather to support and supplement believers faith, counseling them in times o f trouble and providing an explanation for those areas which man falls short.

Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. :: English Literature

Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. "I wander thro' each chartered street," this is William Blake, walking slowly, almost lost, taking notice of everything he sees around him. By 'chartered' William Blake can mean two different things, he can mean wealthy and prosperous or he can mean streets that are chartered / charted on a map, this is better explained in the next line where he speaks of the 'chartered' Thames, giving us the impression that he is in fact speaking of the chartered / charted meaning. "Near where the chartered Thames does flow," the second line of the first verse sheds some more light on where William Blake actually is, he is on the 'streets' by the Thames -London. As London was quite small he is probably talking about the whole of London, not just a certain part. "And mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe," By weakness William Blake again mean two things, he can mean physical weakness resulting from starvation or hunger and the work they have done, he can also mean mental weakness, lack of hope or happiness and maybe lack of intelligence, as many people in those times in the poor/working class areas may not have gone to school. By 'woe' Blake can mean anguish and despair. Altogether William Blake states that all the people he meets are glum and/or sad. "In every cry of every man, In every infants cry of fear In every voice, in every ban The mind-forged manacles I hear" This is the second of four verses, and it describes what William Blake 'hears' as he 'wanders thro' each chartered street.' He states that in every mans cry, in every infants cry, in every voice and every sign he can see the limits set to the people by themselves in the mind and the lack of hope. The limits and lack of hope, I think, stem from the mental 'weakness' described in the first verse. "How the chimney-sweepers cry Every blackening church appals." I think that these two opening lines of the third verse have a lot of meaning. Chimney-sweepers were often young children who were forced to climb up/down chimneys to clean them. They often worked long hours and received little pay. Then William Blake mentions the 'blackening church' - a church is almost like a sanctuary for most people, but for the chimney-sweepers, there is no rest or sanctuary, no place to forget about there troubles, even the church needs to be cleaned, a place of purity is tainted and blackened ant the work goes on for the chimney-sweepers. "And the hapless soldiers cry Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. :: English Literature Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. "I wander thro' each chartered street," this is William Blake, walking slowly, almost lost, taking notice of everything he sees around him. By 'chartered' William Blake can mean two different things, he can mean wealthy and prosperous or he can mean streets that are chartered / charted on a map, this is better explained in the next line where he speaks of the 'chartered' Thames, giving us the impression that he is in fact speaking of the chartered / charted meaning. "Near where the chartered Thames does flow," the second line of the first verse sheds some more light on where William Blake actually is, he is on the 'streets' by the Thames -London. As London was quite small he is probably talking about the whole of London, not just a certain part. "And mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe," By weakness William Blake again mean two things, he can mean physical weakness resulting from starvation or hunger and the work they have done, he can also mean mental weakness, lack of hope or happiness and maybe lack of intelligence, as many people in those times in the poor/working class areas may not have gone to school. By 'woe' Blake can mean anguish and despair. Altogether William Blake states that all the people he meets are glum and/or sad. "In every cry of every man, In every infants cry of fear In every voice, in every ban The mind-forged manacles I hear" This is the second of four verses, and it describes what William Blake 'hears' as he 'wanders thro' each chartered street.' He states that in every mans cry, in every infants cry, in every voice and every sign he can see the limits set to the people by themselves in the mind and the lack of hope. The limits and lack of hope, I think, stem from the mental 'weakness' described in the first verse. "How the chimney-sweepers cry Every blackening church appals." I think that these two opening lines of the third verse have a lot of meaning. Chimney-sweepers were often young children who were forced to climb up/down chimneys to clean them. They often worked long hours and received little pay. Then William Blake mentions the 'blackening church' - a church is almost like a sanctuary for most people, but for the chimney-sweepers, there is no rest or sanctuary, no place to forget about there troubles, even the church needs to be cleaned, a place of purity is tainted and blackened ant the work goes on for the chimney-sweepers. "And the hapless soldiers cry

Antitheatricalism – Ben Jonson

Antitheatricalism in Light of Ben Jonson's  Volpone Commentary by Joel Culpepper Crossdressing in England was mostly opposed by the Fundamentalist branch of the Protestant Church known as the Puritans. The Puritan dogma, much like the concept of transvestism, was constantly challenged. Puritans found resistance in the religious authorities of the Church of England and the English government. Before 1536, the Roman Catholic Church was unimpeded and always won over Puritan proposals regarding legislation. Without a cooperative political ear, the Puritans resorted to experimental spiritual expression by changing their social behavior and structuring. Due to these changes, a formidable way of attacking the theater's use of crossdressing was developed- public preaching and pamphlets. Other individuals and groups (like the Juvenalians) supported the moral and social reform movement by speaking and writing essays and books on the subject. Due to the nature the actor's role in Ben Jonson's  Volpone, the play was also implicated in this moral battle. The ideology behind the Puritan protest was based on biblical sentiment and the patristic literary tradition of Roman writers like Tertullian and St. Augustine. The Puritan's religious banner for combatting gender transgression was Deuteronomy 22:5- ‘The woman shall not wear that which pertains to a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment' (Tiffany 58). In general, pagan myths were also associated with crossdressing. Puritans like William Pryne labeled these actors as â€Å"beastly male monsters† that â€Å"degenerate into women† (Tiffany 59). Further, the Puritans feared that men dressing as women caused the men in the audience to lust for real females and to form homoerotic desires for the male actors (the reverse was also true for women). The Puritan fear also opposed androgynous Renaissance clothing and women's â€Å"male† hairstyles, as documented in Phillip Stubbes' 1583  Anatomy of Abuses. Jonson was more than aware of these Puritan sentiments. In  Volpone, Volpone hopes Celia will submit sexually and â€Å"have [her] in more modern forms†¦ such as a â€Å"Brave Tuscan lady, or proud Spanish beauty† (Campbell 3. 7. 226, 228). Volpone seems to be conveyor of Jonson's acknowledgment of the actor's transformative ability – a part of the playwright's (and the actor's) self concern of the real drama within a play, or metadrama. In Volpone's subsequent proposal to Celia, crossdressing is coupled with androgyny. Male and female spirits are joined in harmony because their lips â€Å"transfuse [their] wandering souls† (Campbell 3. 7. 234). One's point of view might relate this as a matter of homosexual or heterosexual sex. The passage could also (ironically) refer to the Puritan sponsored sacrament of marriage- a holy sacrament. It must also be mentioned thatVolpone's ending also provides an element of punishment for sins- lust, avarice and deception being among them. Jonson's blatant use of classical satire as farce links the feminine male with naivety or aggressiveness that demeans love and advocates the scholarly, independent male identity. The female image in his plays is often masculine- true to the actor's real physicality and the surrounding male chauvinist population. Interestingly, Jonson allows the head male character ,Volpone, to be exceedingly great at his craft of deception while the virtuous Celia adopts an irrational, painful way to keep herself a virgin. Celia vows she will swallow hot coals rather than submit to Volpone's desires. The Puritans' homophobia is also apparent in  Volpone. Volpone makes sure (through explanation) that even though he acted the part of Antonias (a supposed lover of a gay king) for the non-heterosexual King Henry III, he is a ladies' man. Volpone claims that he â€Å"attracted/ The eyes and ears of all the ladies present† (Campbell 3. 7. 164). In another reversal of gender, Lady Would-be notices her husband with someone she believes to be a female prostitute dressed as a young man. After belittling her husband for this by calling him a client of a â€Å"female devil,† she realizes her mistake and apologizes. This situation supports the possibility that Jonson believed the Puritans were making a mistake (like Lady Would-Be) in ignoring permanent, masculine reality and challenging the temporary ,imaginative, and effeminate role of actors for immorality. Morality, the main goal of the Antitheatrical movement in the Renaissance, was both supported and denounced by Jonson in various ways. However, the general perception is that Jonson (unlike Shakespeare) fueled the fires of degradation- implicating women with the weakness, lack of intelligence, and reason they were believed to exude. In the annals of theatrical history, Jonson's metadrama could be said to perpetuate this social stereotype. Nevertheless, Jonson's crossing of the gender line and sexual scenes like Volpone's â€Å"flashing† of Celia were enough to have religious, moral, and social commentators screaming blood murder. Two issues demand prominence in the play. While outwardly a play driven by blatant genderless controversy, the inward thematic, character-driven nature of  Volpone  suggests a conformity and adherence to the intellectual and theological moralism of the time. http://www. english. uga. edu/cdesmet/joel/PURITAN. html

s Of Political Participation

The In’s and Out’s of Political Participation In America political participation is an important factor when discussing democratic governments. Americans use their participation as their voice. By definition, democratic governments depend on political participation by citizens in order to keep democracy alive. Therefore, when assuming that political participation does have an impact on political outcomes, one must come to the conclusion that it makes a large difference if some citizens are more active than others. More importantly, the large difference is mostly seen when some citizens are active, while others are not. When political participation is uneven as such, this brings unequal representation and democracy cannot be attained. For this reason, one must ask why do citizens participate? Rosenstone and Hansen believe that the reasons are both political and personal (RH pg.211). They state, â€Å"An abundance of political resources allows some citizens to bear the costs of involvement, and lack of resources prevents others. Powerful interests and identities motivate some citizens to seek the benefits of participation, and weaker interests and identities fail to stir others. Finally, candidates, parties, campaigns, interest groups, and social movements mobilize some citizens and neglect others, step up for their efforts at some times and scale them back at others. Their labors, when they occur, promote political participation, offsetting the costs and augmenting the social benefits of citizens’ political activism.† (RH pg.211) By explaining the points relating to participation, my goal is to demonstrate how I could pass a program that offers welfare benefits to individuals in the United States illegally. In order to do so I will focus on the mechanisms that increase and decrease inequalities. Moreover, I will use political campaign techniques that will allow me to target the right population in order to build a constituency tha... 's Of Political Participation Free Essays on The In\'s And Out\'s Of Political Participation The In’s and Out’s of Political Participation In America political participation is an important factor when discussing democratic governments. Americans use their participation as their voice. By definition, democratic governments depend on political participation by citizens in order to keep democracy alive. Therefore, when assuming that political participation does have an impact on political outcomes, one must come to the conclusion that it makes a large difference if some citizens are more active than others. More importantly, the large difference is mostly seen when some citizens are active, while others are not. When political participation is uneven as such, this brings unequal representation and democracy cannot be attained. For this reason, one must ask why do citizens participate? Rosenstone and Hansen believe that the reasons are both political and personal (RH pg.211). They state, â€Å"An abundance of political resources allows some citizens to bear the costs of involvement, and lack of resources prevents others. Powerful interests and identities motivate some citizens to seek the benefits of participation, and weaker interests and identities fail to stir others. Finally, candidates, parties, campaigns, interest groups, and social movements mobilize some citizens and neglect others, step up for their efforts at some times and scale them back at others. Their labors, when they occur, promote political participation, offsetting the costs and augmenting the social benefits of citizens’ political activism.† (RH pg.211) By explaining the points relating to participation, my goal is to demonstrate how I could pass a program that offers welfare benefits to individuals in the United States illegally. In order to do so I will focus on the mechanisms that increase and decrease inequalities. Moreover, I will use political campaign techniques that will allow me to target the right population in order to build a constituency tha...

Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay

Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay Geometry Flash Cards 2 Essay The Distance Postulate There is a unique positive number corresponding to every pair of points The Ruler Postulate The points on a line are in a one-to-one correspondence with real numbers, so that number differences measure distances. Distance The shortest path in-between two lines How do you measure segments Using rulers, inches, feet, yards, meters.... How do you measure angles? Protractor what does the size of an angle represent The amount of turning you would have to do if you where at the vertex The Angle measure postulate There is a unique number between 0 and 360 corresponding to every angle the protractor postulate There is a one-to-one correspondence between the raysin a half-rotation and the real numbers from 0 to 180 inclusive, so that number differences measure angles. Congruent Segments or angles with the same measure acute angle Measure is greater then 0 degrees and 90 degrees right angle Measure is 90 degrees obtuse angle Measure is greater then 90 degrees and less then 180 degrees straight angle Measure is 180 degrees reflex angle Measure is greater then 180 degrees less then 360 degrees Bisector Any point, segment, ray, line, or plane that contains the midpoint of the segment. Trisect Two point, segments, rays, or lines that divide a segment into three congruent segments. Circle The set of all points in a plane having the same distance/radius from a fixed point/center. polygon union of segments meeting only at endpoint such that 1. No more then two segments meet at one point and 2. Each segment meets exactly two other segments. (closed shape)

Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Letter - Essay Example The topic being discussed should resonate with the reader in such a way as to provoke a reaction, a response or an action. I will be the first to admit that I struggle when writing, such as putting the words into the introduction. It is what they call as a â€Å"writer’s block† in which I have ideas but cannot put them down into writing. This is the same case with my conclusion portion of a paper, how to summarize everything that is to be consistent with the material that went before reaching the last part of any paper. In this regard, I have learned how to use persuasion as one of the writing styles with which to convince a reader of my viewpoint. To do that successfully, I need to use all the three factors of argumentation which are pathos (emotions), logos (knowledge) and ethos (credibility). To do so successfully, I believe I need to improve my English skills so I can put my thoughts into the exact words to what I mean. Because of my limited English skills, I understand I can have a harder time than my classmates when trying to make a point in my paper. However, I believe this problem can be solved if I try hard enough. I also realized a bit late that my tone can sometimes be too neutral when I should have been taking a stand on a certain issue or a topic being discussed. It seems I am afraid to commit my opinion to one side and I think this makes my paper a bit tame and therefore also less convincing. In my attempts to express my ideas, I tend to put so many things together in one sentence which can cloud the whole argument I am making or dilutes the essence of my ideas. The reader can get confused which I understand is not the intention of any writing and so some arguments are not discussed so very thoroughly in a way that convinces people to my side. I am probably good in incorporating some notable quotations in my papers but doing so is not effective at times because I end up not showing my tone

Assignment (fleet replacement) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(fleet replacement) - Assignment Example try of the values and corresponding correct calculations, the template will automatically analyze and calculate the net present values of each fleet as well as the cost per available seat mile (CASM) of each fleet. From the analysis, it is clear that the purchase price of MD-80 is estimated at $4,000,000 while its sales price after 16 years is estimated to be $100,000. This is different from the purchase price of A-320 which is estimated to be $60,000,000 while its sales price after 16 years is $25,000,000. Alone, from these figures, it can be seen that MD-80 is cheaper than A-320. The discount factors for both fleets is assumed to remain equal at 20% per annum. This is one of the major assumptions taken into consideration while carrying out the analysis. The other assumption will be that the two fleets will be purchasing fuel at the same prices yearly, this is important to enable us compare their cost of fuel usage. Since economic factors must also apply, it is assumed that the fuel costs per gallon will also be increasing each year due to factors such as inflation. This is the reason why the forecasted fuel amounts are increasing per gallon every year. As it will be difficult to estimate mai ntenance costs per year, it is also assumed in the analysis that it will remain constant every year from the first year in each case. The total annual operating costs per fleet is expected to increase every year since the fuel costs are also increasing per year. From a general criterion, it is expected that the aircraft with the lowest net present CASM should be the most efficient in using its finances. This will imply that, from the analysis, the aircraft that will be of best financial choice must be one with the lowest net present CASM. As can be seen evidently from the analysis on the Excel template, MD-80 has a net present value of $56,752,036 while A-320 has $113,457,899. Looking at the Net Present CASM, MD-80 has 0.03116 while A-320 has 0.04471. From these results, it